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Estimates of acute exposure effects show that ozone removed from the atmosphere through dry deposition during the June and July period would have been responsible for approximately 460 premature deaths.Ĭonversely, reduced ozone dry deposition will decrease the amount of ozone taken up by vegetation and, according to flux-based assessments of vegetation damage, will lead to a reduction in the impact of ozone on vegetation across the UK. The models show that on average across the UK, ozone levels exceeded the threshold for human safety for 16 days, and as many as 20 days in the East Midlands and eastern UK.
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Three different simulations were investigated during June and July: (i) actual conditions in 2006, (ii) conditions that assume a perfect vegetation sink for ozone deposition, and (iii) conditions that assume an extended drought period that reduces the vegetation sink to a minimum. This study investigates 2006, a particularly hot and dry year during which a heat wave occurred over the summer across much of the UK and Europe. Two models that have been used for human health (the CMAQ chemical transport model) and ecosystem (the DO3SE O 3 deposition model) risk assessment are combined to provide a powerful policy tool capable of novel integrated assessments of ozone risk using methods endorsed by the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. Under such conditions, extended drought can effectively “turn off” the ozone vegetation sink, leading to a substantial increase in ground-level ozone concentrations.